Through his account of the Peloponnesian War, Thucydides highlighted a dilemma that can arise from the rivalry between two major geopolitical powers. Centuries later, Graham Allison introduced the term 'Thucydides Trap' to describe the risk of conflict between an established and a rising global superpower.
The Enduring Clash Between an Established and an Emerging Superpower
In 432 BC, the assembly of Spartan citizens (Apella) decided to declare war on Athens. This decision was based on the belief that within a few years, Athenian power would grow to such an extent that it would threaten Sparta’s very survival. The rapid rise of Athens had already disrupted the balance of power, prompting Sparta to launch a preemptive war.


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